[Spring] spring test - "Error creating bean with name 'jobLauncherTestUtils': Unsatisfied dependency expressed through method 'setJob' parameter 0" 에러 해결

[처음 배우는 스프링 부트 2] 책에서 스프링 부트 배치 파트를 따라서 코딩하다가 다음의 에러에 직면했다.

 

 

 

프로젝트 구성

 

<test code>

• InactiveUserJobTest.java

package com.example.batch;

import com.example.batch.user.enums.UserStatus;
import com.example.batch.user.repository.UserRepository;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.ExtendWith;
import org.springframework.batch.core.BatchStatus;
import org.springframework.batch.core.JobExecution;
import org.springframework.batch.test.JobLauncherTestUtils;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit.jupiter.SpringExtension;

import java.time.LocalDateTime;

import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;

@ExtendWith(SpringExtension.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class InactiveUserJobTest { // 휴면 전환이 올바르게 되었는지 확인하는 테스트 코드

    @Autowired
    private JobLauncherTestUtils jobLauncherTestUtils;

    @Autowired
    private UserRepository userRepository;

    @Test
    public void 휴면_회원_전환_테스트() throws Exception{
        JobExecution jobExecution = jobLauncherTestUtils.launchJob();

        assertEquals(BatchStatus.COMPLETED, jobExecution.getStatus());
        assertEquals(0, userRepository.findByUpdatedDateBeforeAndStatusEquals(LocalDateTime.now().minusYears(1), UserStatus.ACTIVE).size());
    }

}

• TestJobConfig.java

package com.example.batch;

import org.springframework.batch.core.configuration.annotation.EnableBatchProcessing;
import org.springframework.batch.test.JobLauncherTestUtils;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

@EnableAutoConfiguration
@EnableBatchProcessing // 배치에 필요한 설정들을 자동으로 주입해줌
@Configuration
public class TestJobConfig {

    @Bean
    public JobLauncherTestUtils jobLauncherTestUtils(){
        return new JobLauncherTestUtils();
    }
}

 

 

위 코드로 "휴면_회원_전환_테스트" 테스트를 실행시키면

Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.UnsatisfiedDependencyException: Error creating bean with name 'jobLauncherTestUtils': Unsatisfied dependency expressed through method 'setJob' parameter 0; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoUniqueBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'org.springframework.batch.core.Job' available: expected single matching bean but found 2: InactiveUserJob,inactiveUserJob
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredMethodElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:722)

다음과 같은 에러가 발생한다.

 

 

문제점:

• 어떤 Job을 Bean으로 등록할지 명확하지 않아서 생기는 문제 같다.

 

해결책:

• Bean으로 등록할 Job을 선언해주자.
• @SpringBootTest에 다음과 같이 설정 코드를 선언해주자.

@SpringBootTest(classes = {TestJobConfig.class, InactiveUserJobConfig.class})

 

 

<InactiveUserJobConfig.class>

package com.example.batch.jobs;


import com.example.batch.user.User;
import com.example.batch.user.enums.UserStatus;
import com.example.batch.user.repository.UserRepository;
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import org.springframework.batch.core.Job;
import org.springframework.batch.core.Step;
import org.springframework.batch.core.configuration.annotation.JobBuilderFactory;
import org.springframework.batch.core.configuration.annotation.StepBuilderFactory;
import org.springframework.batch.core.configuration.annotation.StepScope;
import org.springframework.batch.item.ItemProcessor;
import org.springframework.batch.item.ItemWriter;
import org.springframework.batch.item.support.ListItemReader;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

import java.time.LocalDateTime;
import java.util.List;

@AllArgsConstructor
@Configuration
public class InactiveUserJobConfig {

    @Autowired
    private UserRepository userRepository;

    @Bean
    public Job inactiveUserJob(JobBuilderFactory jobBuilderFactory, Step inactiveJobStep){
        return jobBuilderFactory.get("inactiveUserJob")
                .preventRestart()
                .start(inactiveJobStep)
                .build();
    }

    @Bean
    public Step inactiveJobStep(StepBuilderFactory stepBuilderFactory){
        return stepBuilderFactory.get("inactiveUserStep")
                .<User, User> chunk(10) // chunk 단위로 붂어서 writer() 메서드 실행
                .reader(inactiveUserReader())
                .processor(inactiveUserProcessor())
                .writer(inactiveUserWriter())
                .build();
    }

    @Bean
    @StepScope // step 주기에 따라 새로운 빈을 생성
    public ListItemReader<User> inactiveUserReader(){
        List<User> oldUsers = userRepository.findByUpdatedDateBeforeAndStatusEquals(LocalDateTime.now().minusYears(1), UserStatus.ACTIVE);
        return new ListItemReader<>(oldUsers);
    }

    public ItemProcessor<User, User> inactiveUserProcessor(){
        return User::setInactive;
    }

    public ItemWriter<User> inactiveUserWriter(){
        return ((List<? extends User> users) -> userRepository.saveAll(users));
    }

}